Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: ABS and PLA scaffold design. Construct design was downloaded from the freeware website http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:45228/#files . ( A ) Representative .stl images of scaffold structure; ( B ) representative images of printed ABS and PLA scaffolds. Horizontal scale bar: 0.5 cm; vertical scale bar: 0.3 cm; ( C ) Quantification of scaffold weight; ( D ) quantified porosity of the ABS and PLA scaffolds used in the studies. Error bars represent ± SD, n = 6.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques: Construct

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical testing of ABS and PLA scaffolds. ( A ) Young’s modulus was calculated between 5%–10% compressive strain/strain curves for freshly printed (day 0) and culture medium bathed (day 21) ABS and PLA scaffolds. For each set, n = 5. Error bars represent ± SD; ( B ) Cartoon representation of mechanical test data for printed scaffolds placed in context of known mechanical bulk properties of ABS and PLA plastics, as well as human NP tissue, articular cartilage, and bone. Horizontal arrows indicate a range of stiffness, while downward arrows indicate exact stiffness.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell ingrowth on ABS and PLA scaffolds. Representative phase contrast images of cell-seeded scaffolds at 4× and 10× magnification after 21 days of culture ( n = 4). Black arrows indicate cell growth and neo-tissue deposition. White scale bar represents 1 mm; grey scale bar represents 500 µm.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability on ABS and PLA scaffolds. Live/dead assay was performed on chondrocytes and NP cell-seeded ABS and PLA scaffolds after 21 days’ culture. Live cells are shown in green (calcein AM) while dead cells are shown in red (ethidium homodimer). Representative images ( n = 4) show that the number of dead cells on either scaffold is negligible. Inset panels are enlarged 3× from indicated regions, and show individual live and dead cells. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques: Live Dead Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proteoglycan analysis of scaffolds. ( A ) Fixed acellular, chondrocyte-, and NP-seeded ABS and PLA scaffolds were stained with safranin-O/fast green after 21 days’ culture. Representative images ( n = 4) showing that both chondrocyte- and NP-seeded ABS and PLA scaffolds retained intense safranin-O staining. Ruler ticks represent millimeters; ( B ) DMMB assay for quantifying sulfated GAG in total extract per scaffold (in 1 mL); ( C ) DNA content was quantified by HOECHST 33258 assay per scaffold; ( D ) The sGAG/DNA ratio was determined. Error bars represent ± SD. * indicates p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Dimethylmethylene Blue Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: 3D-Printed ABS and PLA Scaffolds for Cartilage and Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration

doi: 10.3390/ijms160715118

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence analysis of cell-seeded scaffolds. Acellular, chondrocyte-, and NP-seeded ABS and PLA scaffolds were probed by immunofluorescence for collagen type II (red) and aggrecan core protein (green) after 21 days’ culture. Acellular scaffolds show some autofluorescent background. Cell-seeded scaffolds produce fluorescent signals well above background, specifically in regions within the pores, where only cells are growing. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Article Snippet: ABS and PLA filament (1.75 mm) were purchased from MakerBot (New York City, NY, USA).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence